The word employment means an occupation for the production of wealth. And unemployment is the opposite of it. It refers to the state of being without any work on the job for earning one's livelihood. The unemployment problem has become a great concern all over the world. But nowhere in the world, this problem is so acute as it is in Bangladesh. A lot of people in our country are without any job.
We all know that Bangladesh has a large number of young population. Its a major policy challenge of Bangladesh for creating employment for the young population. According to the Labor Force Survey 2016-17 of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, the national unemployment rate is 4.2 percent. However, the youth unemployment rate is 10.6 percent that is more than 2.5 times the national average. Also, a survey reveals that the share of unemployed youth in total unemployment is 79.6 percent.
On the other hand Ironically, the unemployment rate seems to be high among youth with higher education. It means the unemployment rate is 13.4 percent among youths having a tertiary level education and 28 percent among youths having secondary level education. This striking feature of the unemployment situation in the country indicates that the education offered by our institutions cannot empower the youth with income and decent living, as one would have expected.
The unemployment problem of Bangladesh can be divided into two factors-personal and situational. Personal factors are a lack of experience, skills, and useful contacts, limited awareness of job availability. Situational factors include skills mismatch, poor economy, lack of jobs, and gender discrimination.
On the other hand, in the Bangladesh unemployment problem is mainly due to the rapid growth of the population of the country. Being a poor country, Bangladesh remains industrially backward. She can not provide her total population with jobs because of resource constraints. As a result, a good number of people remain unemployed even after finishing university education. Our agriculture is not developed and our cottage industries have almost decayed. The few mills and factories, we have, can absorb only a limited number of people.
Our system of education fails to give a student an independent start in life. There is little scope of giving people in vocational training and technical education. So our students remain unemployed after taking the highest degree. Moreover, our people have a fake sense of moral dignity. They prefer government jobs to any other independent business. They urn after jobs with false hope of success. Inequitable distribution of national wealth also intensifies the unemployment problem.
Adverse effects on society: Unemployment is a great curse and social evil. To maintain the peace and prosperity the society, it is a must that all able people should be engaged in occupation and earn money to support themselves and their families. An unemployed man is sure to live a vagabond life and life becomes a burden to him. Unemployment leads a young man to various unsocial activities.
Suggestive measures to remove it: Nowadays, no country is absolutely free from this problem. It is such a difficult problem which defies almost all solutions. Politicians, economists, and thinkers have given many ways so long to root our social course, but complete success has not yet been attained. However, in order to eradicate this problem, we have to mobilize all our energies to this great purpose without wasting time.
To provide unemployed people with jobs, a large number of mills, factories, and industries should be set up. A great change should be brought about in our education system. Importance should be given on professional, vocational, and technical education. These will make an opening to work in different industrial sectors. The educated youth should change their attitude. They must learn to choose an independent career they can start a small business, grow vegetables, tend poultry and cultivate fishes. Steps should be taken to set up co-operative farming, cottage industries and to open a new system of public work in remote rural areas to create job facilities for the village people. Whatever may be the causes of unemployment proper and timely steps should be taken to remove this social curse. We believe that we all-out effort will come to a successful ad we will see unemployment free Bangladesh in future.
We strongly recommend that for solution unemployment problems in Bangladesh we will take the services disseminated through the mobile phone can be categorized into two types of services for personal development and for job search and job applications. Smartphones have a program that can be accessed over the phone and online and are aimed at improving literacy and basic entrepreneurship skills. By creating smartphone Job platforms that help implement people to connect with employers via SMS and voice technology, using virtual phone numbers to send educational material with training material.
Also social media network for the youth. The platform connects recruiters with jobseekers, through a community network. The user is able to a CV by answering 12 basic questions on their mobile phones; the CV is then sent to potential employers.
And if possible employer community has launched the Job Xpress application, which is an internet-free SMS-based platform that allows partnered mobile network subscribers to send CVs and applications via emails from any phone for solved the unemployment problem in Bangladesh. With fresh graduates often lack skills needed to be gainfully employed, and apprenticeship opportunities are sorely needed.